Obligatorisk litteratur

Obligatorisk litteratur

• Eogan M, Daly L, O’Connell PR, O’Herlihy C. Does the angle of episiotomy affect the incidence of anal sphincter injury? BJOG 2006 Feb;113(2):190-4.

• Hals E, Øian P, Pirhonen T, Gissler M, Hjelle S, Nilsen EB, Severinsen AM, Solsletten C, Hartgill T, Pirhonen J. A multicenter interventional program to reduce the incidence of anal sphincter tears. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116:901-8.

• Kalis V, Laine K, de Leeuw JW, Ismail KM, Tincello DG. Classification of episiotomy: towards a standardisation og terminology. BJOG 2012;119:522-6.

• Laine K, Skjeldestad FE, Sandvik L, Staff AC. Incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries after training to protect the perineum: cohort study. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001649.

• Norderval S, Røssaak K, Markskog A og Vonen B. Incontinence after primary repair of obstetric anal sphinchter tears is related to the relative length of the reconstructed external sphingter: a case control study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;40:207-14

• Pirhonen JP, Grenman SE, Haadem K, Gudmundsson S, Lindqvist P, Siihola S et al. Frequency of anal sphincter rupture at delivery in Sweden and Finland – result of difference in manual help of the baby’s head. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1998;77:974-7.

• Spydslaug A, Trogstad LI, Skrondal A, Eskild A . Recurrent risk of anal sphincter laceration among women with vaginal deliveries. Obstet Gyncol 2005; 105: 307-13.

• Stedenfeldt M, Pirhonen J, Blix E, Wilsgaard T, Vonen B, Øian P. Episiotomy characteristics and risk for obstetric anal sphincter injuries: a case-control study. BJOG 2012;112:724-30.

• Tincello DG, Williams A, Fowler GE, Adams EJ, Richmond DH, Alfirevic Z. Differnces in episiotomy technique between midwives and doctors. BJOG 2003;110:1041-4.

Anbefalt litteratur

• Frankman EA, Wang L, Bunker CH, Lowder JL. Episiotomy in the United States: has anything changed? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009;200:573e1-7.

• Laine K, Gissler M, Pirhonen J. Changing incidence of anal sphincter tears in four Nordic countries through the last decades. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009;146:71-5.

• Laine K, Pirhonen T, Rolland R, Pirhonen J. Decreasing the incidence of anal sphincter tears during delivery. Obstet Gynecol 2008;111:1053-7.

• Laine K, Rotvold W, Staff AC. Are obstetric anal sphincter ruptures preventable? Large and consistent rupture rate variations between Nordic countries and between delivery units in Norway. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 92: 94-100.

• Laine K, Skjeldetad FE, Sandvik L, Staff AC. Prevalence and risk indicators for anal incontinence among pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol 2013; May 29.doi.:10.1155/2013/947572.

• Norderval S, Nsubuga D, Bjelke C, Frasunek J, Myklebust I, Vonen B. Anal incontinence after obstetric sphincter tears: incidence in a Norwegian county.Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004;83:989-94.

• Norderval S, Øian P, Revhaug A, Vonen B. Anal incontinence after obstetric sphincter tears: outcome after anatomic primary repairs. Dis Colon Rectum 2005;48:1055-61.

• Reid AJ, Beggs AD, Sultan AH, Roos AM, Thakar R. Outcome of repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries after three years. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014;127:47-50.

• Roos AM, Sultan AH, Thakar R. St. Mark's incontinence score for assessment of anal incontinence following obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS). Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2009;20:407-10.

• Roos AM, Thakar R, Sultan AH. Outcome of primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS): does the grade of tear matter? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 36:368-74.

• Stedenfeldt M, Pirhonen J, Blix E, Wilsgaard T, Vonen B, Oian P. Anal incontinence, urinary incontinence and sexual problems in primiparous women. A comparison between women with episiotomy only and women with episiotomy and obstetric anal sphincter injury. BMC Womens Health 2014;14:157.

• Stedenfeldt M, Øian P, Gissler M, Blix E, Pirhonen J. Risk factors for obstetric sphincter injury after a successful multicentre interventional programme. BJOG 2014;121:83-91.